Have you ever found a recipe you want to bake, only to notice the oven temperature is listed in Celsius or Gas Mark instead of Fahrenheit? It is a common issue, especially when using recipes written in the United Kingdom, Australia, or Europe.

An oven temperature conversion chart makes it easy to switch between Fahrenheit, Celsius, fan oven temperatures, and Gas Mark settings. Instead of guessing or stopping to calculate the temperature, you can find the matching setting and get your recipe into the oven.

Below, you will find a printable-friendly oven conversion chart, simple conversion formulas, common baking temperatures, fan oven adjustments, and tips for getting better results from your oven.

Quick Oven Temperature Conversion Chart

Use this chart to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, Celsius to Fahrenheit, or either temperature to Gas Mark.

This chart uses rounded temperatures because most home ovens do not allow you to select an exact conversion such as 176.7°C. Choosing the nearest standard oven setting is usually the most practical option.

Most Common Oven Temperature Conversions

These are the oven conversions you will see most often in baking and cooking recipes:

• 300°F equals approximately 150°C or Gas Mark 2
• 325°F equals approximately 160°C or Gas Mark 3
• 350°F equals approximately 180°C or Gas Mark 4
• 375°F equals approximately 190°C or Gas Mark 5
• 400°F equals approximately 200°C or Gas Mark 6
• 425°F equals approximately 220°C or Gas Mark 7
• 450°F equals approximately 230°C or Gas Mark 8

If you only remember one conversion, make it this one: 350°F is approximately 180°C, 160°C fan, or Gas Mark 4. This is one of the most frequently used baking temperatures.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Chart

Here is a more detailed look at common Fahrenheit temperatures and their Celsius equivalents.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Chart

If your recipe lists the oven temperature in Celsius, use this chart to find the closest Fahrenheit setting.

Do not worry if the exact number falls between two settings. Most recipes are written with rounded oven temperatures, and many home ovens naturally fluctuate during baking.

What Is Gas Mark?

Gas Mark is a temperature scale used on some gas ovens, mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Instead of choosing a temperature in degrees, you select a numbered setting.

Gas Mark settings usually run from 1/4 to 9. A low number means a cooler oven, while a higher number means a hotter oven.

For example:

• Gas Mark 2 is about 300°F or 150°C
• Gas Mark 4 is about 350°F or 180°C
• Gas Mark 6 is about 400°F or 200°C
• Gas Mark 8 is about 450°F or 230°C

Gas Mark conversions are approximate. Oven performance can vary, especially with older gas ovens, so it is still helpful to check baked goods a few minutes before the recipe’s suggested cooking time.

Gas Mark Temperature Conversion Chart

How to Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature. Multiply that number by 5, then divide by 9.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Formula

(°F − 32) × 5 ÷ 9 = °C

For example, to convert 350°F to Celsius:

1. Subtract 32 from 350, which gives you 318.
2. Multiply 318 by 5, which gives you 1,590.
3. Divide 1,590 by 9, which gives you approximately 176.7°C.
4. Round that number to the nearest standard oven setting, which is 180°C.

So, 350°F is approximately 180°C.

A Faster Fahrenheit to Celsius Estimate

If you do not need an exact answer, subtract 30 from the Fahrenheit temperature and divide by 2.

For 350°F:

350 − 30 = 320

320 ÷ 2 = 160°C

This shortcut gives only a rough estimate, so it is not the best choice for temperature-sensitive recipes. Use the full formula or the chart when making cakes, breads, custards, macarons, or other baked goods that depend on a steady temperature.

How to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply the Celsius temperature by 9, divide by 5, and then add 32.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula

(°C × 9 ÷ 5) + 32 = °F

For example, to convert 180°C to Fahrenheit:

1. Multiply 180 by 9, which gives you 1,620.
2. Divide 1,620 by 5, which gives you 324.
3. Add 32, which gives you 356°F.
4. Round to the closest standard oven setting, usually 350°F.

So, 180°C is approximately 350°F.

Conventional Oven vs Fan Oven Temperatures

A conventional oven heats the oven cavity using heating elements at the top and bottom. A fan oven, also called a convection oven, uses a fan to circulate hot air around the food.

Because the moving air transfers heat more quickly, fan ovens usually require a lower temperature than conventional ovens.

A helpful rule is to reduce the Celsius temperature by about 20°C when using a fan oven.

For example:

• 180°C conventional becomes 160°C fan
• 200°C conventional becomes 180°C fan
• 220°C conventional becomes 200°C fan

When working in Fahrenheit, reduce the temperature by about 25°F.

For example:

• 350°F conventional becomes 325°F convection
• 400°F conventional becomes 375°F convection
• 425°F conventional becomes 400°F convection

Some newer convection ovens adjust temperatures automatically. Check your oven manual if you are unsure. If the oven automatically lowers the temperature, you do not need to make another adjustment.

Conventional to Fan Oven Conversion Chart

The exact adjustment may depend on your oven and the type of food you are making. Cookies and roasted vegetables often do well with convection heat. Delicate cakes, soufflés, and custards may bake more evenly with a conventional setting.

What Do Oven Temperature Descriptions Mean?

Older cookbooks sometimes use descriptions such as “slow oven” or “moderately hot oven” instead of giving an exact temperature.

Here is what those terms usually mean:

These terms leave room for interpretation, so consider the food you are cooking. A “moderate oven” for a cake will often mean 350°F, while a recipe for pastry may use 375°F.

Common Baking Temperatures and What They Are Used For

Different foods need different levels of heat. Understanding why a recipe uses a certain temperature can help you spot errors before baking.

225°F to 275°F

Low temperatures are often used for slow drying or gentle cooking. This range works well for meringues, homemade dried fruit, low-temperature roasting, and keeping prepared food warm.

300°F

This cooler baking temperature is useful for delicate cakes, cheesecakes, custards, and slow-baked desserts. It gives the center time to cook without browning the outside too quickly.

325°F

Many pound cakes, cheesecakes, quick breads, and dense cakes bake at 325°F. The lower heat gives thicker batters time to bake through while helping prevent dark edges.

350°F

This is one of the most common oven temperatures. It works well for cookies, brownies, cakes, casseroles, muffins, and many dinner recipes.

At 350°F, food cooks at a steady rate without the outside browning too quickly. That makes it a practical starting point for many home recipes.

375°F

A temperature of 375°F is often used for cookies, biscuits, pies, roasted vegetables, and baked chicken. The extra heat helps create browning while still allowing the inside to cook.

400°F

This hotter setting works well for roasting vegetables, baking pizza, cooking sheet pan dinners, and getting crisp edges on potatoes or breaded chicken.

425°F

High heat is useful for biscuits, scones, puff pastry, roasted vegetables, pizza, and foods that need quick browning. Watch the food closely because the difference between golden and overdone can happen quickly.

450°F and Higher

Very high oven temperatures are commonly used for pizza, flatbreads, artisan bread, and quick roasting. Make sure your baking pan, parchment paper, and other equipment are rated for the temperature you plan to use.

Why Oven Temperature Matters in Baking

Oven temperature affects how baked goods rise, spread, brown, and set.

If the oven is too hot, the outside may brown before the center is fully baked. Cakes can form a high dome, cookies may set too quickly, and bread can develop a dark crust with a doughy center.

If the oven is too cool, cakes may sink, cookies can spread too much, and pastries may turn out pale or greasy. Baking time will also be longer than the recipe suggests.

Even a 25°F difference can change the final texture. That is why it helps to convert temperatures carefully and preheat the oven fully.

Why Your Oven May Not Match the Selected Temperature

Setting an oven to 350°F does not always mean the inside is exactly 350°F. Ovens heat in cycles, turning the heating elements on and off to stay near the selected temperature.

Some ovens run hotter or cooler than the number shown on the control panel. The temperature may also vary from one area of the oven to another.

Common reasons for uneven or inaccurate oven temperatures include:

• An oven that needs calibration
• Opening the door too often
• Placing pans too close to a heating element
• Crowding the oven with several pans
• Using dark pans that absorb more heat
• A worn door seal
• Starting before the oven is fully preheated
• Blocking airflow in a convection oven

An inexpensive oven thermometer can help you see how closely your oven matches the selected setting.

How to Check Your Oven Temperature

Place an oven thermometer in the center of the middle rack. Preheat the oven to 350°F and let it run for at least 20 to 30 minutes.

Check the thermometer without leaving the door open for too long. If possible, take several readings over the next 20 minutes because the temperature will rise and fall as the oven cycles.

If your readings are consistently 15°F or 20°F higher or lower than the selected temperature, your oven may need to be calibrated. Check the owner’s manual for instructions because the process differs by model.

Tips for More Accurate Baking

Preheat the Oven Completely

Wait until the oven reaches the recipe temperature before adding your pan. Some ovens beep before the full oven cavity has stabilized, so giving it another 5 to 10 minutes can help with temperature-sensitive recipes.

Bake on the Center Rack

Unless the recipe says otherwise, place the pan on the center rack. This allows heat to circulate around the food and reduces the chance of an overbaked top or bottom.

Avoid Opening the Door

Every time you open the oven, heat escapes. This can lower the temperature enough to affect cakes, soufflés, choux pastry, and other recipes that need steady heat.

Use the oven light and look through the door whenever possible.

Use the Right Pan

Dark metal pans absorb heat and can brown food more quickly. Light-colored metal pans usually provide gentler, more even browning.

Glass and ceramic dishes hold heat longer than metal. When replacing a metal pan with glass, you may need to reduce the oven temperature by 25°F and watch the cooking time.

Leave Room Around the Pans

Hot air needs space to circulate. Avoid pushing pans against the oven walls or placing several pans too close together.

If you bake cookies on two racks at once, switch the trays from top to bottom and rotate them front to back halfway through baking, unless you are using a well-performing convection setting.

Start Checking Early

Ovens, pans, ingredients, and kitchen conditions vary. Check baked goods a few minutes before the lowest time listed in the recipe.

Use visual signs along with the timer. Look for golden edges, a set center, or a toothpick that comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs, depending on the recipe.

Should You Change the Baking Time After Converting the Temperature?

If you convert the temperature correctly, the original baking time should remain close to the same. Start checking the food at the earliest time listed in the recipe.

If you switch from a conventional oven to convection, the food may cook faster even after lowering the temperature. Begin checking about 20 percent earlier.

For example, if a recipe has a baking time of 30 minutes, check it after approximately 24 minutes when using convection.

Do not raise the temperature just to shorten the baking time. Higher heat can brown the outside before the middle has time to cook.

How to Convert Recipes for an Air Fryer

An air fryer works like a small convection oven. It circulates hot air in a compact space, so food often cooks faster than it would in a full-size oven.

As a starting point:

• Reduce the oven temperature by about 25°F
• Reduce the cooking time by about 20 percent
• Check the food early
• Cook in batches when needed
• Leave room for air to move around the food

For example, a recipe that cooks at 400°F for 20 minutes in a conventional oven may need about 375°F for 15 to 16 minutes in an air fryer.

This adjustment works best for foods such as roasted vegetables, chicken, potatoes, biscuits, and reheated baked goods. Cakes and breads may require more testing because air fryer sizes and heating patterns vary.

Does Altitude Change Oven Temperature?

High-altitude baking can require changes to the oven temperature, baking time, flour, liquids, sugar, or leavening. Lower air pressure causes moisture to evaporate faster and baked goods to rise more quickly.

Some high-altitude recipes suggest increasing the oven temperature by 15°F to 25°F and shortening the baking time. The right adjustment depends on your elevation and the recipe.

If you live above 3,000 feet, use a tested high-altitude version when possible, especially for cakes, breads, and delicate desserts.

Printable Oven Temperature Conversion Chart

For a simple reference to keep in the kitchen, use these core conversions:

You can print this section and place it inside a cabinet door near your oven. It is especially handy when you use international cookbooks or recipes found online.

More Baking Guides to Try

If this oven temperature conversion chart helped, you may also like:

• Baking Measurement Conversion Chart
• Butter Measurement Guide
• Complete Egg Substitute Guide for Baking
• Buttermilk Substitute Guide
• All-Purpose Flour vs Cake Flour
• Brown Sugar vs White Sugar in Baking
• Butter vs Oil in Baking
• Baking Tips for Complete Beginners
• Best Muffin Tins for Bakery-Style Results

Final Thoughts

Converting oven temperatures does not need to interrupt your recipe. With a reliable Fahrenheit, Celsius, fan oven, and Gas Mark chart nearby, you can quickly choose the right setting and keep cooking.

Remember that the converted temperature is only part of the equation. Preheating the oven, using the correct pan, checking your food early, and learning how your oven heats will give you more consistent results.

For a quick reference, remember that 350°F equals approximately 180°C, 160°C fan, or Gas Mark 4.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 350°F in Celsius?

350°F is exactly 176.7°C. For everyday baking, this is rounded to 180°C. In a fan oven, use approximately 160°C.

What Gas Mark is 350°F?

350°F is Gas Mark 4.

What is 180°C in Fahrenheit?

180°C is exactly 356°F. Most recipes round this to 350°F.

What is 200°C in Fahrenheit?

200°C is exactly 392°F. Set a Fahrenheit oven to approximately 400°F.

What is 400°F in Celsius?

400°F is approximately 204°C. For cooking and baking, use 200°C.

What is 425°F in Celsius?

425°F is approximately 218°C. Round this to 220°C.

What is 450°F in Celsius?

450°F is approximately 232°C. Set the oven to 230°C.

What is 160°C in Fahrenheit?

160°C is 320°F. Most Fahrenheit ovens can be set to 320°F or rounded to 325°F.

What is 170°C in Fahrenheit?

170°C is 338°F. Set the oven to approximately 340°F.

What is 180°C fan in Fahrenheit?

180°C fan is approximately 356°F convection. You can set a convection oven to 350°F. The comparable conventional oven temperature is about 400°F or 200°C.

Is a fan oven the same as a convection oven?

Yes. Both use a fan to circulate heated air. Recipe wording varies by country, but “fan oven” and “convection oven” usually describe the same cooking method.

How much should I reduce the temperature for a fan oven?

Reduce a conventional Celsius temperature by about 20°C. For Fahrenheit recipes, reduce the temperature by about 25°F.

Is Gas Mark 4 the same as 180°C?

Yes. Gas Mark 4 is approximately 180°C or 350°F.

Is Gas Mark 6 the same as 200°C?

Yes. Gas Mark 6 is approximately 200°C or 400°F.

Can I bake at 350°F instead of 375°F?

You can in some cases, but the food will take longer to cook and may brown less. For baked goods, it is best to follow the stated temperature because changing it can affect rising, spreading, texture, and color.

Should I convert the baking time when changing Fahrenheit to Celsius?

No. If you are using the matching temperature, keep the original baking time and begin checking at the earliest time listed. You may need to adjust slightly based on your oven.

Why does my oven cook faster than the recipe says?

Your oven may run hot, your pan may absorb more heat, or the food may be positioned too close to a heating element. Check the oven with a separate thermometer and begin testing food early.

Do I need an oven thermometer?

An oven thermometer is helpful if baked goods often finish too early, take much longer than expected, brown unevenly, or remain underbaked in the middle. It can show whether your oven is heating above or below the selected setting.

Can I use the same temperature for a toaster oven?

Start with the recipe temperature, but check the food early. Toaster ovens have smaller cavities and place food closer to the heating elements, so browning may happen faster.

What temperature is considered a moderate oven?

A moderate oven is usually between 350°F and 375°F, or approximately 180°C to 190°C. Gas Mark 4 and 5 fall within this range.